What is the African American national anthem?

National Football League sidelines became the center of controversy again on Thanksgiving when players for Detroit and Houston took a knee during the national anthem to protest continuing racial injustices and inequities.

Additionally, fans heard a song known colloquially as the African American national anthem. In the summer, National Public Radio reported that the song would be performed or played before every NFL game in week one. Apparently, some teams are extending the idea into the season. Other sports organizations have talked about adding it to their pre-game routines.

But what IS the “African American national anthem? Why is one needed?

The question came up when Michigan State University students were writing the Bias Buster guide “100 Questions and Answers About African Americans. This is the answer they published:

This began as the 1899 poem “Lift Ev’ry Voice and Sing” by James Weldon Johnson. Set to music by Johnson’s brother, J. Rosamond Johnson, this became known as the Negro National Anthem or Hymn. It was presented on Feb. 12, 1900, in Jacksonville, Florida, by 500 schoolchildren at a celebration of Abraham Lincoln’s birthday. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People adopted “Lift Ev’ry Voice and Sing” as its official song. The song represents the resilience and strength of Black people. It begins:

Lift ev’ry voice and sing,
Till earth and heaven ring.
Ring with the harmonies of Liberty;
Let our rejoicing rise …”

You can hear “Lift Every Voice and Sing” as performed by the Chicago Community Chorus.


“100 Questions and Answers About African Americans” is available from Amazon or the Front Edge Publishing bookstore.

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Native American Heritage Day is today

Today, the day after Thanksgiving, is often associated with bargain hunting and creative recipes for leftover turkey, but it is so much more than that.

This day-after-the-holiday holiday was created in 2009 to complete the story of the first Thanksgivings. After so many years of celebrating a romanticized story, American Indians have this day to take a seat at the table.

Cover of 100 Questions, 500 Nations: A Guide to Native AmericaThe story behind that day, the feelings around it and what it means from the Indigenous perspective is told by Sierra Clark, a Mishigamiing Journalism Project fellow. Clark is an Odawa and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe woman from the Grand Traverse Bay Area.

The initiative covers Indigenous affairs in Michigan through a partnership among the Traverse City Record-Eagle, the Mishigamiing Journalism Project and Indigenizing the News.

In a column published on Thanksgiving, Clark wrote that the traditional tale of Pilgrims and the Wampanoag people breaking bread “makes light of the historical trauma which we are forced to carry on our shoulders. America wasn’t handed over gently by Indigenous peoples for European colonizers to create a great nation dedicated to Christianity and the pursuit of freedom (for them). Indigenous people never conceded to colonialism, that notion needs to be left behind.

“Thanksgiving is a complex holiday but by not teaching the truthful history, allows the facilitation of colonial education. So, let’s start with the real story: Upon the arrival of the Mayflower, Wampanoag people were already well established with Europeans for about a century, some had even traveled back and forth to England, and spoke English. Chief Ousamequin welcomed the Pilgrims, but because their tribe had been slave raided by Europeans, this politeness was his greatest effort to protect his people. The iconic dinner was a tourism-ploy to boost the idea that Pilgrims were the founding fathers of America and attract this notion of unity in New England.”

Read Clark’s full column to get a truer picture of not just this season, but the history of relations between settlers and Indigenous people..

Also, to keep learning, pick up “100 Questions, 500 Nations: A Guide to Native America.” It is published by the Native American Journalists Association which updated the guide and published it with the Michigan State University School of Journalism as part of the Bias Busters series. The guide is available from Amazon or the Front Edge Publishing bookstore.

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Cuba looms large in Biden Cabinet

Expect Cuba and Cuban Americans to be in the news when Joe Biden takes office as president and begins to try to get his cabinet nominees approved.

If selected, Alejandro Mayorkas will be the first immigrant and first Latino to lead the Department of Homeland Security. He was born in Cuba and grew up in California. He is being positioned as someone who brings more experience to the job than his predecessors, in whose terms immigration issues were highly politicized.

Cover for 100 Questions and Answers About Hispanics and LatinosThe other cabinet nominee is Antony Blinken, Rubio’s pick to be secretary of state. The Tampa Bay Times reports that Blinken is likely to face opposition from Florida Sen. Marco Rubio over an Obama-era issue involving Cuba. Six years ago, Blinken faced questions from Rubio, a member of the Senate’s Foreign Relations Committee who is Cuban-American. Rubio asked whether there would be unilateral decisions in the executive branch to relax restrictions on Cuba. Rubio opposed them.

Blinken said that would have to be done according to the law and in consultation with the committee. However, the day after Blinken was confirmed, President Barack Obama lifted some restrictions against Cuba and said the United States would re-establish an embassy there after an absence of 50 years. When Trump took office, he moved to harden U.S. policy with Cuba again.

Blinken will see Rubio at this round of confirmation hearings.

“100 Questions and Answers About Hispanics and Latinos” is available from Amazon or the Front Edge Publishing bookstore.

“100 Questions and Answers About Immigrants to the U.S.” is available from Amazon or the Front Edge Publishing bookstore.

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Money-changers tale and Jewish stereotypes

The New Testament story about money changers in the Temple is widely known and sustains a darker meaning writes Menachem Wecker, a freelance writer based in Washington, D.C.

In a column published by the National Catholic Reporter, Wecker writes that the story has been interpreted to feed stereotypes about Jews.

Book cover for 100 Questions and Answers About American JewsAccording to Wecker, “To early Christians, it cast ‘other’ Jews as rejected by God, and medieval adherents leveraged it to associate Jews with money and power.” He writes that expressions including “30 pieces of silver” and “the money changers from the Temple” stir up the stereotyped connection of Jews with money and power.

There are other ways to interpret that story, Wecker writes, and points to Curtis Hutt, associate professor of religious studies at University of Nebraska Omaha. Hitt has said a more accurate reading is that Jesus criticized some money changers but praised others.

According to Wecker, Malka Simkovich, Jewish studies chair and director of Catholic-Jewish studies at Chicago’s Catholic Theological Union, said Jesus was envisioning “the coming destruction of the Temple and the notion that the religious function of this Temple was coming to an end, to be replaced by a new form of divine worship and penance”

Wecker’s exploration of the story’s meaning and what it signifies for U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who mentioned the story as a a favorite to Reporter editors, is an interesting journey into Jewish and Christian history, as well as contemporary politics.

“100 Questions and Answers About American Jews” includes a section on Jewish stereotypes. The guide is available from Amazon or the Front Edge Publishing bookstore.

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Latter-day Saint chooses baseball AND outreach

Detroit Tigers baseball prospect Gage Workman faced a dilemma that the most athletically gifted Latter-day Saints face. Should he go on the transformational, 2-year mission experience some of his peers choose when they complete high school, or should he pursue his sport?

100 Questions and Answers About Latter-day SaintsAfter prayers and deliberation, Workman stuck with baseball and finished out his collegiate career at Arizona State University. The Tigers drafted Workman in the fourteen h round.

Part of what helped him choose was a personal commitment to be a missionary in pinstripes, trying to use a platform as a pro athlete to share his faith.

He told Detroit Free Press sports columnist Jeff Seidel that baseball means “a lot of uncertainty. You got COVID. You got a new environment of pro ball. But I feel like my religion gives me certainty, gives me a foundation, gives me a sense of peace …”

His faith is “who I am … “I mean, it’s top on my priority list. I’ve lived it my whole life and my plan to keep living it. It’s blessed me and I think it’s really helped me along the way. So I guess you can say it’s pretty much everything to me.”

And what about the missions? Workman’s father, Widd, made a different decision but followed a similar path. Widd Workman played baseball at Brigham Young University and then went on a two-year mission in Iowa. He finished his collegiate career at Arizona State University, as his son had, and played minor league baseball.

“100 Questions and Answers About The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints” is available from Amazon or the Front Edge Publishing bookstore.

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Gen Xer’s advice on COVID coping

Today, Nov. 23, Newman University in Kansas begins an 8-week “timeout” from in-person classes.

That’s not unusual these days. What IS unusual is that Gen Xer and professor of criminal justice Kristi Edwards is giving some of her generation’s tips for managing a timeout having grown up as a latchkey kid “without adult supervision (yes!) the internet (gasp!) or extracurricular activities (no!)”

Her advice to her students works for the millions who have been thrown into online (unsupervised) activity. She recommends an open mind and an open heart.

Edwards writes:

“Honestly, the key to being a successful latchkey kid is simple: Live up to the expectations of the people who love you, hold yourself to a standard of excellence and respect that everyone has an important job.

“Ask yourself: What do my loved ones expect from me during my time away from campus? As the Karen that loves you, I can provide guidance: I expect you to finish this semester strong and keep learning while we are apart. Get the good grade, read the big book and study all of the social issues. Think critically about everything, including your future and exactly how you can achieve your greatness.

“Ask yourself: how can I hold myself to a standard of excellence?

“Having spent a lifetime striving for excellence, I have a trick you can use. Make a list, check it twice, and then you will find out exactly how awesome you can be when you achieve. Seriously. Give yourself a list of chores. Every. Single. Day. Finish the list, and then make a new one. Always have a goal, even if it is as simple as “GET OUT OF BED.”

“Finally, and this is the hardest part, make peace with your part (i.e. job) to play in this social experiment. Decisions have been made that you may not like, may not yet understand, and you must trust that every decision has been made with your best interest at heart. Respect the decision, and you will find peace.”

As a teacher who has not been in a classroom with his college and high school students for eight months, this Boomer affirms Edwards’ latchkey message. We care about each of our students, we see your struggles and, though we wish we could take some of that load for you, we know you must and will do this through sheer determination. We believe you will.

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COVID-19 unites Jews, Muslims over burial practices

Often, as Michigan State students create their bias busting cultural competence guides, they encounter examples of how, whoever we are, we are more alike than how different.

Book cover for 100 Questions and Answers About American JewsJudaism, Christianity and Islam owe much of their similarity to their shared Abrahamic roots. A CNN story on burial practices focused on how religions sometimes rely on each other to maintain their traditions in the face of new threats.

CNN reports “traditions have been adapted, as clerics turn to emergency measures prescribed in their religious laws. That’s especially true of rituals, as in Judaism and Islam, that rely on touch and intimacy with the deceased. In some instances, funeral home directors and burial societies across the country are crossing religious lines to help perform the sacred rites of passage.”

At a time when there are so many stories about how the coronavirus and its consequences divide us, this is a story about how people are coming together.

The rites of communal prayer and preparation of the dead are, with COVID-19, a threat to the living. But emergency modificatons are being made in ways that are respectful and true to the religions.

“100 Questions and Answers About American Jews” is available from Amazon or the Front Edge Publishing bookstore.

“100 Questions and Answers About Muslim Americans” is available from Amazon or the Front Edge Publishing bookstore.

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Tejanos, not Latinos, helped Trump

The presidential election post-mortem gets more and more interesting as people analyze the Texas vote.

One discussion is how well Trump did among Hispanic voters, given the wall, immigration lockdowns and insults against Mexicans.

Independent immigration reporter Jack Herrera offers a theory in Politico, where he wrote about south Texas.

Herrera contends that many observers are still treating the 60 million-plus Hispanic population in the United State as a monolith. It is far from that. It contains language, geographic, nationality and political differences.

Cover for 100 Questions and Answers About Hispanics and LatinosHerrera describes the Tejanos of south Texas this way: “Though not everyone in the Rio Grande Valley self-identifies as Tejano, the descriptor captures a distinct Latino community—culturally and politically—cultivated over centuries of both Mexican and Texan influences and geographic isolation. Nearly everyone speaks Spanish, but many regard themselves as red-blooded Americans above anything else.’

“… Trump proved that seeing specific communities as persuadable voters and offering targeted messaging to match—fear of socialism in Miami-Dade’s Venezuelan and Cuban communities, for example—can be more effective than a blanket campaign that treats people as census categories. ”

“100 Questions and Answers About Hispanics and Latinos” covers the diversity within this group of people as well as the meaning of idenitiies such as Tejano and Chicano. The guide is available from Amazon or the Front Edge Publishing bookstore.

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NFL to field first all-Black officiating team

When the National Football League’s Los Angeles Rams play the Buccaneers at Tampa Bay on Nov. 23, the game will be officiated by an all-Black crew. It has been a long time coming.

Book cover for 100 Questions & Answers About African AmericansBurt Toler broke this color line 55 years ago in 1965. That was the year the NFL became the first major sport to hire a Black official.

The Associated Press reported that five members of the seven-man team regularly work together. They have 89 seasons in the league among them and have officiated at six Super Bowls.

Part of the reason for the breakthrough is the COVID-19 pandemic. Yes, the NFL has been assigning officials in ways to reduce travel and game assignment rules are looser now to have been relaxed to assign officials to have referees, umpires and judges work closer to home when possible.

Learn more about African Americans, work and wealth in “100 Questions and Answers About African Americans.” It’s is available from Amazon or the Front Edge Publishing bookstore.

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Maria Tallchief Google doodle worth a look

Google has a doodle out for Native American Heritage Month that is worth a look.

The doodle features Maria Tallchief (1924-2013), one of the greatest ballerinas of the 20th century. A member of Oklahoma’s Osage tribe, she was America’s first prima ballerina and the one with whom George Balanchine started New York City ballet. She helped popularize ballet in the United States and was the first American to perform in the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow.

The Google backgrounder explaining Tallchief’s life and the creation of the doodle includes a video interview. In it, she said she always supported Indigenous people “by doing the best job that I know how. If I can instill this into young people, that’s all I want.” The backgrounder also introduces a number of Indigenous artists who say they are proud to have been asked to help create the Tallchief doddle.

“100 Questions, 500 Nations: A Guide to Native America” is a Bias Busters collaborative update of a guide first done by the Native American Journalists Association. It is available from Amazon or the Front Edge Publishing bookstore. Royalties from sales of this guide go to NAJA.

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